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Research Article
The Analysis of the Characters of Wording for High School Classical Chinese
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
109-114
Received:
26 August 2024
Accepted:
19 September 2024
Published:
10 October 2024
Abstract: Classical Chinese carries the splendid culture of China. It is the important learning content for Chinese in high school. At the same time, the scoring rate is not good in the corresponding examination. Reading and comprehending classical Chinese in high school is the hardest part, especially for students who are not good at language learning. It is meaningful to analyze the characters of wording for classical Chinese. In this paper, NLP (Natural Language Processing) technology is applied to analyze the word usage for classical Chinese in high school. Firstly, ancient poems and literature in teaching materials in high school and classical Chinese exam questions of the past 15 years are collected. Secondly, raw data is preprocessed, cut words, and calculated word frequencies. Finally, top N words are generated and the experimental data is analyzed. According to the experimental results, the methods proposed in this paper can be used to analyze words for classical Chinese in high school. The Top N words are calculated and analyzed. It provides a good reference for high school students to learn classical Chinese.
Abstract: Classical Chinese carries the splendid culture of China. It is the important learning content for Chinese in high school. At the same time, the scoring rate is not good in the corresponding examination. Reading and comprehending classical Chinese in high school is the hardest part, especially for students who are not good at language learning. It i...
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Review Article
Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Invasive Pest of Agriculture and Their Biological Control: A Review
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
115-128
Received:
7 October 2024
Accepted:
4 November 2024
Published:
25 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.innov.20240504.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Spodoptera frugiperda is also known as fall armyworm, one of the important pests of agronomic and horticulture crops, and spread throughout the tropics and subtropics areas, threatening food security, economic advancement, and the lives of millions of cereal farmers. FAW is the world's major migratory pest, mainly damaging jade Rice, paddy rice, sorghum, sugarcane, cotton, pasture, and sugar beet more than 80 kinds of plants Although FAW has received extensive scientific attention in its home range in the Pakistan, chemical inputs play a key role in its mitigation, and biological control adoption is behind globally. Here, a quantitative review of the first report in Pakistan and different countries, potential risks of fall armyworm, collected and organized based on the monitoring, morphological, bio ecology, and geographical distribution of S. frugiperda invasive sites, further, the natural enemies of S. frugiperda, such as parasitic wasps, nematodes, pathogenic fungi, virus; Pheromones traps supporting technologies, Monitoring methods and suggestions, to study the potentially suitable areas of S. frugiperda. A risk assessment was carried out, the occurrence of this insect in Pakistan will affect my country's production industry Therefore, further develop relevant new technology research, strengthen the protection and utilization of natural enemies, and prevent the spread and disaster of S. frugiperda should be paid attention to in disaster-prone areas through the organic combination of biological control and chemical control.
Abstract: Spodoptera frugiperda is also known as fall armyworm, one of the important pests of agronomic and horticulture crops, and spread throughout the tropics and subtropics areas, threatening food security, economic advancement, and the lives of millions of cereal farmers. FAW is the world's major migratory pest, mainly damaging jade Rice, paddy rice, so...
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Research Article
Review on Effects of Inter and Intra Row Spacing on Production of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.)
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
129-131
Received:
28 October 2024
Accepted:
6 December 2024
Published:
25 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.innov.20240504.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Garlic is propagated by means of cloves and this vegetative propagation leads to infection by several viruses, which are called garlic viral complex. Planting density is one of the main factors that have an important role in the growth, yield, and quality of onions. Garlic yield mostly depends on the number of plants per unit area. Increase in yield and for bulb grade improvement planting garlic at proper spacing is considered a necessary practice. Considering the importance of garlic as one of the potential vegetable crops for both domestic consumption and export, it is imperative to increase its productivity along with appropriate use of inter and intra-row spacing. Therefore the review is undertaken to review the status of the optimum inter and intra-row spacing for garlic production. The Latin term for garlic is allium. It belongs to the monocot group of flowering plants known as the onion genus. The number of plants per square foot has a major impact on garlic yield. Garlic planting at the right spacing is thought to be a crucial practice for improving bulb quality and productivity. The low production of garlic in Ethiopia is caused by a variety of biotic and abiotic problems, including ineffective fertilizer application, diminishing soil fertility, improper agronomic techniques, and improper inter- and intra-row spacing. Planting distance is regarded as a crucial management strategy in the production of garlic. Reviewing the best inter- and intra-row spacing for garlic production is the goal.
Abstract: Garlic is propagated by means of cloves and this vegetative propagation leads to infection by several viruses, which are called garlic viral complex. Planting density is one of the main factors that have an important role in the growth, yield, and quality of onions. Garlic yield mostly depends on the number of plants per unit area. Increase in yiel...
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Research Article
Value Chain Analysis of Hot Pepper in West Hararghe Zone, Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia
Gosa Alemu*,
Birhanu Angasu
,
Nimona Sime
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
132-140
Received:
25 November 2024
Accepted:
7 December 2024
Published:
27 December 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.innov.20240504.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: This study focused on the analysis of hot pepper value chain in West Hararghe zone with specific objectives of identifying and mapping actors and their functions along hot pepper value chain, identifying the marketing channels of hot pepper in the area, estimate the distribution of benefits of actors along the hot pepper value chain, identifying the factors that affect the supply of hot pepper to the market in the study area. Primary data were collected from 172 farmers and 44 hot pepper traders using structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and Econometrics models were used to analyze the collected data. Descriptive statistics results showed that the main hot pepper value chain actors in the study area are input suppliers, farmers/producers, collectors, wholesalers, processors, retailers and consumers. The study result showed that the major production constraints of hot pepper were low quality of improved seed, weed, disease pest, drought/ shortage of rainfall, cold rooftop water, lack of chemicals and lack of access to extension services. On marketing side, low price of product, illegal traders, unfair weighing and lack of legal action on illegal traders were the major problems. About 61.05% of the quantity of hot pepper supplied to market goes outside of the zone. The highest gross marketing of producers was 96.13% (channel 2) which was followed by 90.48% (channel 5). The multiple linear regression model result indicated that age, sex and education were the significant variable that affected quantity of hot pepper supplied to market positively, whereas distance to market, disease and drought affected significantly and negatively. Therefore, policies aiming at increasing farmer’s awareness of producing value added hot pepper produce and increasing quantity supplied to market are recommended to strengthen chain development.
Abstract: This study focused on the analysis of hot pepper value chain in West Hararghe zone with specific objectives of identifying and mapping actors and their functions along hot pepper value chain, identifying the marketing channels of hot pepper in the area, estimate the distribution of benefits of actors along the hot pepper value chain, identifying th...
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